Molekularna biologija starenja i karcinogeneze (2311)

naslovni prof.dr. sc. Ivica Rubelj, zn. savjetnik u trajnom izboru

Institut Ruđer Bošković, Zavod za molekularnu biologiju

Spoznati najnovije ideje i metodologiju istraživanja iz područja molekularnih mehanizama starenja i karcinogeneze te njihove uzajamne povezanosti.

Uvod u Molekularnu biologiju starenja. Počeci istraživanja osnovnih mehanizama staničnog starenja, pregled suvremenih ideja i metodoloških pristupa istraživanjima starenja od stanice do organizma. Stanično starenje. Model ljudskih i mišijih fibroblasta, endotelijalnih i epitelnih stanica, M1/M2 mehanizam, ulazak u krizu i imortalizacija, efekt SV40 velikog T antigena (Tg), uloga p53 i pRb. Molekularne osnove (pato)fiziologije staničnog starenja. Mehanizmi genetičke kontrole staničnog starenja: uloga telomera i telomeraze (građa telomera, proteini koji su u interakciji sa telomerama, uloga telomeraze i rekombinacijskih mehanizama u kontroli duljine telomera u normalnim i imortalnim stanicama), ALT mehanizam, uloga kontrole staničnog ciklusa u starenju i interakcija istog sa telomerama. Oksidativni stres u staničnom starenju: hiper/hipooksija, telomere i oksidativni stres, uloga mitohondrija u nastanku staničnih oštećenja i staničnom starenju, uloga antioksidansa i stres-response mehanizama u staničnom starenju. Molekularne osnove (pato)fiziologije starenja tkiva i organa. Koža kao modelni objekt: starenje fibroblasta, melanocita, keratinocita, endotelijalnih stanica, kožnog matriksa i mikrovaskulature. Starenje inertnih organa i tkiva (živčani sustav, miokard) i njihova otpornost na stres. Genetički i epigenetički mehanizmi kontrole starenja kod laboratorijskih miševa (knock out eksperimenti, microarray analize, oksidativni stres i kalorijska dijeta) i nematode C. elegans te njihove sličnosti i razlike sa starenjem kod čovjeka. Molekularni mehanizmi nekih degenerativnih bolesti povezanih sa starenjem. Alzheimer, Wernerov sindrom, Hutchinson-Gilfordov sindrom (Progeria). Evolucijske teorije mehanizama starenja i njihova uzajamnost sa karcinogenezom.

1. Analizirati molekularni mehanizam starenja i karcinogeneze.
2. Usporediti molekularne mehanizme staničnog starenja sa starenjem na razini organizma.
3. Predvidjeti kako promjene molekularnih mehanizama dovode do imortalnosti te kako razni utjecaji iz okoliša mijenjaju dinamiku procesa starenja i karcinogeneze.
4. Preispitati međuodnos metabolizma telomera, metabolizma mitohondrija i slobodnih radikala u karcinogenezi, starenju i razvoju raznih bolesti povezanih sa starenjam.
5. Zaključiti da isti molekularni mehanizmi u jednom slučaju osiguravaju ograničen stanični rast, a u imortalizaciji omogućuju beskonačne stanične diobe.
6. Kritički prosuditi o danas vrlo raširenoj primjeni antioksidansa i raznih dijeta kojima se pokušava usporiti starenje.

Prisustvovanje predavanjima i vježbama.

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Rasprave sa studentima i kolegama, praćenje napredovanja svakoga studenta, evaluacija uspješnosti od strane voditeljstva studija i zajedničkog stručnog povjerenstva nositelja studija.Uspješnost kolegija će evaluirati svake godine zajedničko stručno povjerenstvo Instituta Ruđer Bošković, Sveučilišta u Dubrovniku i Sveučilišta u Osijeku